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Treatment for brain tumors

The classification of the tumor is determined after a biopsy. During a biopsy, some or all of the tumor is removed and the cells are examined under a microscope. Definitive treatment of the tumor cannot be started until a final diagnosis is completed after biopsy. 

At the time of the initial biopsy, the surgeon will remove as much of the tumor as is possible without sacrificing function, such as speech or movement. This may involve a full craniotomy, or opening of the skull, to allow access to the tumor. In cases where the tumor is adjacent to vital structures, a decision may be made prior to surgery to perform only a biopsy rather than attempting to remove the entire tumor. This is a smaller operation that involves attaching a headframe and opening only a small hole in the skull to allow for tissue samples to be removed.

Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges or membranes covering the brain. Typically they are benign. Acoustic neuromas or tumors of the acoustic (hearing) nerve and pituitary tumors are other common benign tumors. They may be treated with surgical resection (removal), radiation or stereotactic radiosurgery with the gamma knife. The type of treatment depends upon the size and location of the tumor, surrounding critical structures, and the patient's general health and well-being. 

Gliomas are malignant tumors of the brain itself. Gliomas are graded, or divided, into levels based upon their rate of growth and potential for rapid deterioration. The higher the grade, the more aggressive the tumor. Treatments for gliomas depend upon the grade and will typically involve a combination of therapies including surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation. The rate of survival depends upon the grade of the tumor as well as the individual's response to therapy. 

The total treatment of brain tumors is a team effort. This involves the neurosurgeon, the medical oncologist, the radiation oncologist, their staffs and the patient and family. New treatments are being developed rapidly and the prognosis for patients with brain tumors is brighter than it ever was in the past.