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Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a disorder involving bleeding from the brain and a membrane that covers the brain. Typically, it causes a sudden, severe headache that patients frequently describe as "The worst headache I've ever had." Other possible symptoms include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Decreased alertness
• Vision difficulty
• Stiffness in the neck
• Muscle aches
• Seizures
• Loss of movement of a part of the body
• Mood changes

CT scans of the head are often obtained to demonstrate that bleeding has occurred. Cerebral angiography may be done to look for aneurysms or another vascular anomaly that may have caused the bleeding. A spinal tap may also be performed.

Treatment is directed at lifesaving measures, symptoms relief, repair of the cause of bleeding (if possible) and prevention of complications.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a very serious condition that can vary greatly in the problems it causes and the probably outcomes. Complete recovery can occur, but death can also occur with or without treatment.

Severe symptoms should be addressed immediately. Call your area's local emergency number of take the patient to the emergency department if any of these symptoms occur:

• sudden severe headache
• seizures or breathing difficulties
• loss or consciousness
• difficulties with speech, vision, movement or sensation
• swallowing difficulties