The meniscus
A visually simple yet mechanically complex joint, the knee structure
provides stability, cushioning, and strength. For athletes to be the
best they can be, all of these structures need to be working in concert
– including the highly misunderstood meniscus (cartilage).
Even though a torn meniscus does not get the attention that the
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) does, it’s still an injury that can
affect the stability of the knee, as well as an athlete’s performance.
The meniscus is a tough tissue comprised of two separate parts that
attach to the top of the tibia (lower leg bone). Similar to the idea of
triangle used to hold a door open – thin on the inside, deep on the
outside – the meniscus resembles a “C” on the inside half and an “O” on
the outside half. This structure helps to keep the femur (upper leg bone)
where it should be on the tibia throughout the movement of the knee. It
also provides the knee with cushioning.
Most meniscus injuries are caused by a rotation/twisting of the knee
when the foot is in a planted position. Injuries can also occur over time
if one or more of the ligament structures have been damaged. A meniscus
injury can cause a decrease in the stability of the knee, as well as
allowing for more “play” between the femur and tibia.
Meniscus injuries can be frustrating given that the symptoms can vary
from person to person, day to day, and can come and go. The diagnosis is
made from the symptoms reported, clinical evaluation and use of an MRI.
Treatment plans range from rehabilitation – to increase the strength of
the muscles that surround and support the knee – to arthroscopy (i.e.,
surgery through very small incisions) for removal of the damaged area with
the goal to leave as much of the meniscus as possible to help stabilize
the knee and provide cushioning between the bones.
For optimum performance in any activity, it’s important to pay
attention to all of the structures within your knee. If you are
experiencing persistent knee pain/soreness, chronic swelling or episodes
of locking or hesitation when bending or extending the knee, a meniscus
injury could be the culprit – see a healthcare professional for
evaluation.
For additional questions on the meniscus, other sports medicine topics
or to schedule a FREE Injury Evaluation, call the Aurora Sports Medicine
Hotline™ at (414) 219-7776 or (800) 219-7776.
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