Definition

Dysthymia is similar to depression. However, dysthymia symptoms are milder and can last over two years. It is a mild to moderate depression that may go away during periods of normal mood that last up to two months.

Dysthymia can be treated with medications. Contact your doctor if you think you have this condition.

Causes

The cause of dysthymia is not known. A chemical in the brain called serotonin may play a role. Serotonin helps your brain handle emotions and make judgments. It is also associated with a sense of well-being.

Brainstem—Location of Serotonin Production

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Risk Factors

Dysthymia is more common in women than in men. Factors that may increase your chance of developing dysthymia include:

• Family history of major depression or dysthymia
• Chronic mental or physical illness
• Chronic stress

People who have dysthymia may also experience episodes of major depression.

Symptoms

Dysthymia may be difficult to differentiate from depression due to many overlapping symptoms which may include:

• Feelings of sadness and/or hopelessness
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Trouble concentrating
• Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
• Trouble concentrating
• Fatigue
• Low self-esteem
• Difficulty functioning at work and school

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical and psychological exam will be given.

Your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further evaluation. Tests may be done to look for medical causes like thyroid problems.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment may include one or more of the following:

Prevention

There are no guidelines for preventing dysthymia.