Definition

Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe disturbance of the brain caused by alcohol withdrawal.

Adult Brain

The sudden withdrawal or decrease of alcohol can cause severe disturbances in the brain.

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Causes

DTs occur when a person who repeatedly drinks large amounts of alcohol suddenly stops or decreases the amount of alcohol consumed.

Risk Factors

These factors increase your chance of developing DTs:

• History of DTs
• Other medical problems in addition to alcohol abuse
• Brain damage
• Age: Older than 30 years

Symptoms

Symptoms usually begin 2-4 days after suddenly stopping or decreasing alcohol intake. Symptoms may include:

• Anxiety
• Confusion / disorientation
• Delirium —changing levels of alertness
• Trouble sleeping
• Bad dreams
• Severe agitation
• Fever
• Hallucinations—the perception of a thing, voice, or person that is not present, both visual and auditory
• Delusions—a false belief that is strongly held
• Tremors of the hands, head, or body
• Severe sweating
• Rapid heartbeat
• Nausea
• Increased rate of breathing
• Increased blood pressure
• Increased body temperature
• Seizures

In severe cases, DTs can result in death, especially if untreated.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The diagnosis of DTs is usually based on the symptoms and signs of the disorder. Tests may include:

• You may have your bodily fluid tested. This can be done with blood tests to measure liver function, blood clotting ability, or electrolytes.
• You may need to have your brain function evaluated. This can be done with electroencephalogram (EEG).
• You may need to have pictures taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:
  • CT scan
  • MRI scan

Treatment

Treatment can be difficult. DTs are likely to last for 5-7 days. Clearing of DTs may begin in 12-24 hours, but may take up to 2-10 days. Treatment for alcohol abuse is necessary after DTs are under control.

Treatment may include:

If you are diagnosed as experiencing DTs, follow your doctor's instructions.

Prevention

To prevent having DTs, do not abuse alcohol. If you do drink large amounts on a regular basis, do not suddenly decrease the amount or stop drinking on your own. Rather, get advice from your doctor on the safest way to lower your intake.