Definition

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is exercise-related pain in the shins. It may be caused by an irritation of the tendons and muscles near the shin bones. MTSS is commonly known as shin splints. This injury is most often seen among runners.

Muscle and Bones of Lower Leg

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MTSS may be a treatable condition. Contact your doctor if you think you may have MTSS.

Causes

The exact cause is unknown. MTSS is called an overuse injury. It most commonly occurs from repetitive motion or stress at the shins. Causes may include:

• Repetitive activity like running, tennis, basketball
• Bone strain
• Chronic compartment syndrome
• Poor footwear

Risk Factors

These factors increase your chance of MTSS. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:

• Participate in high-impact sports
  • Running
  • Gymnastics
  • Basketball
  • Racquet sports
• Military recruits
• Female runners with amenorrhea (absent menstruation) and osteoporosis
• Pronation of feet (feet turn inwards)
• Poor running surfaces
• Recent increase in workout or miles run
• Heel cord tightness

Symptoms

If you have any of these symptoms do not assume it is due to MTSS. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions. Tell your doctor if you have any of these:

• Shin pain at a very specific point
• Pain when running
• Pain when bearing weight on the leg
• Pain after changing workout intensity or running surface
• Symptoms do not go away with rest
• Swelling

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You may be referred to a specialist. For example, a sports medicine physician focuses on sport injuries.

The following test may be administered:

• X-ray —test that uses radiation to take picture of structures in body, may be used to rule out a fracture
• Bone scan —test that uses tiny amounts of radioactive material and a camera to take pictures of bones; used to look for bone abnormalities; more sensitive than an x-ray

Treatment

MTSS is treated with:

• Rest
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Ice
• Crutches may be given for severe pain
• Arch supports and shock-absorbing insoles may be recommended
• When you feel better, slowly return to normal activities. Increase your activity level over several weeks.

Your doctor may suggest a different pair of shoes. A brace or walking boot may also be needed.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of getting MTSS, you may try the following steps:

• Wear shock-absorbing insoles when running or during other high-impact exercise.
• Stretch before and after exercising.
• When starting a new sport or increasing your workout, do so gradually.
• Choose footwear that is best for the activity and your foot.