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Bunion(Hallux Valgus)DefinitionA bunion is a thickened lump at the base of the big toe. It causes the big toe to move toward the smaller toes and makes walking difficult. Bunion  © 2009 Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. CausesBunions are caused by a deformity of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe. This causes instability of the joint. Deformity can be caused by: Risk FactorsA risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for a bunion include:
You should seek medical attention if you have diabetes and you are having problems with your feet. SymptomsSymptoms include:
DiagnosisThe doctor will examine your foot and ask about your symptoms. An x-ray of your foot will confirm that you have a bunion and show the extent of the damage. TreatmentThe goals of treatment are to relieve pressure on the bunion and stop progression of the deformity. Padding and TapingPadding the bunion reduces pain and allows you to continue a normal, active life. Taping helps to keep the foot in a normal position, reducing stress and pain. Medication
Proper FootwearWear shoes that are wide and deep in the toe area. Make sure the top of the shoe doesn't hit or rub against the bunion. There should be one-half inch of space between the shoe and the end of your longest toe when you are standing up. Physical TherapyPhysical therapy can relieve inflammation and pain. Ultrasound therapy is often used for treating bunions and the related soft tissue problems. OrthoticsShoe inserts may be useful in maintaining foot function. They are thought to reduce symptoms and prevent worsening of the deformity. SurgerySurgery may be needed to relieve the pressure and repair the toe joint, if the other treatments fail. Surgical procedures include:
If you are diagnosed as having a bunion, follow your doctor's instructions . PreventionThese tips can help to protect your feet and possibly reduce the risk of bunion:
RESOURCES: American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society American Podiatric Medical Association CANADIAN RESOURCES: Ontario Podiatric Medical Association References: Complete Home Medical Guide . American College of Physicians; 1999. Ferrari J. Higgins JP. Prior TD. Interventions for treating hallux valgus (abductovalgus) and bunions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004;CD000964. National Institute on Aging website. Available at: http://www.nia.nih.gov/ . Wexler D, Kile TA. Frontera: Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA; Hanley and Belfus; 2002. Last reviewed September 2009 by Robert E. Leach, MD Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Copyright © 2009 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.
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